Other European makers were primarily Swiss, but included French makers across the border and in Paris. The Paris industry was prominent in the late 18th and early 19th centuries due to the influence of LeRoy, Breguet, Berthoud and other great horological scholars.

The great watch school at Glasshutte near Dresden developed from the influence of Gutkaes and Lange to be a second center to Geneva and Le Locle in the mid to late 19th Century.